When it comes to the House of Representatives, I’m a Constitutional scholar. Specifically Article 1, Section 2 – “The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.
No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.
(Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.) (The previous sentence in parentheses was modified by the 14th Amendment, section 2.) The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five and Georgia three.
When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.
The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.”
The lines highlighted in yellow govern the decennial Census and apportionment of Congresscritters. Congresscritters are apportioned according to population – not according to the number of citizens a state has. As you look at the data, you can see that one out of each seven people represented by a California Congresscritter isn’t a US Citizen.
If Congress were to pass a law requiring seats in the House of Representatives be apportioned based on citizens instead of population, California would probably lose 5 seats, New York and Florida each 2, and New Jersey and Illinois 1 each. Somehow, I don’t think it will happen.
State demographics by citizenship status|
Citizenship status of residents, 2014
| State | Total Population | Native | Foreign-born Total | Foreign-born Naturalized | Foreign-born Non-citizen |
| Alabama | 4,817,678 | 4,651,201 | 166,477 | 55,514 | 110,963 |
| 100.0% | 96.5% | 3.5% | 1.2% | 2.3% | |
| Alaska | 728,300 | 676,620 | 51,680 | 27,910 | 23,770 |
| 100.0% | 92.9% | 7.1% | 3.8% | 3.3% | |
| Arizona | 6,561,516 | 5,677,869 | 883,647 | 339,481 | 544,166 |
| 100.0% | 86.5% | 13.5% | 5.2% | 8.3% | |
| Arkansas | 2,947,036 | 2,811,266 | 135,770 | 40,384 | 95,386 |
| 100.0% | 95.4% | 4.6% | 1.4% | 3.2% | |
| California | 38,066,920 | 27,776,284 | 10,290,636 | 4,911,899 | 5,378,737 |
| 100.0% | 73.0% | 27.0% | 12.9% | 14.1% | |
| Colorado | 5,197,580 | 4,690,377 | 507,203 | 192,391 | 314,812 |
| 100.0% | 90.2% | 9.8% | 3.7% | 6.1% | |
| Connecticut | 3,592,053 | 3,101,593 | 490,460 | 235,507 | 254,953 |
| 100.0% | 86.3% | 13.7% | 6.6% | 7.1% | |
| Delaware | 917,060 | 840,181 | 76,879 | 35,527 | 41,352 |
| 100.0% | 91.6% | 8.4% | 3.9% | 4.5% | |
| District of Columbia | 633,736 | 545,110 | 88,626 | 34,483 | 54,143 |
| 100.0% | 86.0% | 14.0% | 5.4% | 8.5% | |
| Florida | 19,361,792 | 15,571,963 | 3,789,829 | 1,960,009 | 1,829,820 |
| 100.0% | 80.4% | 19.6% | 10.1% | 9.5% | |
| Georgia | 9,907,756 | 8,945,010 | 962,746 | 371,908 | 590,838 |
| 100.0% | 90.3% | 9.7% | 3.8% | 6.0% | |
| Hawaii | 1,392,704 | 1,143,424 | 249,280 | 140,906 | 108,374 |
| 100.0% | 82.1% | 17.9% | 10.1% | 7.8% | |
| Idaho | 1,599,464 | 1,503,829 | 95,635 | 34,229 | 61,406 |
| 100.0% | 94.0% | 6.0% | 2.1% | 3.8% | |
| Illinois | 12,868,747 | 11,081,821 | 1,786,926 | 838,686 | 948,240 |
| 100.0% | 86.1% | 13.9% | 6.5% | 7.4% | |
| Indiana | 6,542,411 | 6,229,726 | 312,685 | 112,699 | 199,986 |
| 100.0% | 95.2% | 4.8% | 1.7% | 3.1% | |
| Iowa | 3,078,116 | 2,934,406 | 143,710 | 54,017 | 89,693 |
| 100.0% | 95.3% | 4.7% | 1.8% | 2.9% | |
| Kansas | 2,882,946 | 2,687,052 | 195,894 | 68,325 | 127,569 |
| 100.0% | 93.2% | 6.8% | 2.4% | 4.4% | |
| Kentucky | 4,383,272 | 4,235,463 | 147,809 | 52,653 | 95,156 |
| 100.0% | 96.6% | 3.4% | 1.2% | 2.2% | |
| Louisiana | 4,601,049 | 4,419,407 | 181,642 | 72,250 | 109,392 |
| 100.0% | 96.1% | 3.9% | 1.6% | 2.4% | |
| Maine | 1,328,535 | 1,281,406 | 47,129 | 25,631 | 21,498 |
| 100.0% | 96.5% | 3.5% | 1.9% | 1.6% | |
| Maryland | 5,887,776 | 5,050,375 | 837,401 | 397,433 | 439,968 |
| 100.0% | 85.8% | 14.2% | 6.8% | 7.5% | |
| Massachusetts | 6,657,291 | 5,639,925 | 1,017,366 | 520,931 | 496,435 |
| 100.0% | 84.7% | 15.3% | 7.8% | 7.5% | |
| Michigan | 9,889,024 | 9,278,502 | 610,522 | 308,236 | 302,286 |
| 100.0% | 93.8% | 6.2% | 3.1% | 3.1% | |
| Minnesota | 5,383,661 | 4,980,116 | 403,545 | 193,791 | 209,754 |
| 100.0% | 92.5% | 7.5% | 3.6% | 3.9% | |
| Mississippi | 2,984,345 | 2,917,374 | 66,971 | 23,498 | 43,473 |
| 100.0% | 97.8% | 2.2% | 0.8% | 1.5% | |
| Missouri | 6,028,076 | 5,792,081 | 235,995 | 103,033 | 132,962 |
| 100.0% | 96.1% | 3.9% | 1.7% | 2.2% | |
| Montana | 1,006,370 | 985,850 | 20,520 | 10,894 | 9,626 |
| 100.0% | 98.0% | 2.0% | 1.1% | 1.0% | |
| Nebraska | 1,855,617 | 1,735,200 | 120,417 | 42,721 | 77,696 |
| 100.0% | 93.5% | 6.5% | 2.3% | 4.2% | |
| Nevada | 2,761,584 | 2,234,549 | 527,035 | 233,551 | 293,484 |
| 100.0% | 80.9% | 19.1% | 8.5% | 10.6% | |
| New Hampshire | 1,321,069 | 1,247,657 | 73,412 | 38,529 | 34,883 |
| 100.0% | 94.4% | 5.6% | 2.9% | 2.6% | |
| New Jersey | 8,874,374 | 6,969,969 | 1,904,405 | 989,166 | 915,239 |
| 100.0% | 78.5% | 21.5% | 11.1% | 10.3% | |
| New Mexico | 2,080,085 | 1,874,204 | 205,881 | 70,926 | 134,955 |
| 100.0% | 90.1% | 9.9% | 3.4% | 6.5% | |
| New York | 19,594,330 | 15,218,385 | 4,375,945 | 2,317,787 | 2,058,158 |
| 100.0% | 77.7% | 22.3% | 11.8% | 10.5% | |
| North Carolina | 9,750,405 | 9,009,170 | 741,235 | 240,268 | 500,967 |
| 100.0% | 92.4% | 7.6% | 2.5% | 5.1% | |
| North Dakota | 704,925 | 684,370 | 20,555 | 7,484 | 13,071 |
| 100.0% | 97.1% | 2.9% | 1.1% | 1.9% | |
| Ohio | 11,560,380 | 11,091,189 | 469,191 | 233,953 | 235,238 |
| 100.0% | 95.9% | 4.1% | 2.0% | 2.0% | |
| Oklahoma | 3,818,851 | 3,604,070 | 214,781 | 70,846 | 143,935 |
| 100.0% | 94.4% | 5.6% | 1.9% | 3.8% | |
| Oregon | 3,900,343 | 3,516,357 | 383,986 | 150,498 | 233,488 |
| 100.0% | 90.2% | 9.8% | 3.9% | 6.0% | |
| Pennsylvania | 12,758,729 | 11,976,626 | 782,103 | 401,469 | 380,634 |
| 100.0% | 93.9% | 6.1% | 3.1% | 3.0% | |
| Rhode Island | 1,053,252 | 915,234 | 138,018 | 70,049 | 67,969 |
| 100.0% | 86.9% | 13.1% | 6.7% | 6.5% | |
| South Carolina | 4,727,273 | 4,500,820 | 226,453 | 81,502 | 144,951 |
| 100.0% | 95.2% | 4.8% | 1.7% | 3.1% | |
| South Dakota | 834,708 | 810,308 | 24,400 | 9,096 | 15,304 |
| 100.0% | 97.1% | 2.9% | 1.1% | 1.8% | |
| Tennessee | 6,451,365 | 6,146,570 | 304,795 | 109,057 | 195,738 |
| 100.0% | 95.3% | 4.7% | 1.7% | 3.0% | |
| Texas | 26,092,033 | 21,795,085 | 4,296,948 | 1,454,672 | 2,842,276 |
| 100.0% | 83.5% | 16.5% | 5.6% | 10.9% | |
| Utah | 2,858,111 | 2,618,427 | 239,684 | 84,697 | 154,987 |
| 100.0% | 91.6% | 8.4% | 3.0% | 5.4% | |
| Vermont | 626,358 | 600,178 | 26,180 | 15,201 | 10,979 |
| 100.0% | 95.8% | 4.2% | 2.4% | 1.8% | |
| Virginia | 8,185,131 | 7,236,647 | 948,484 | 454,434 | 494,050 |
| 100.0% | 88.4% | 11.6% | 5.6% | 6.0% | |
| Washington | 6,899,123 | 5,978,429 | 920,694 | 427,201 | 493,493 |
| 100.0% | 86.7% | 13.3% | 6.2% | 7.2% | |
| West Virginia | 1,853,881 | 1,826,341 | 27,540 | 12,969 | 14,571 |
| 100.0% | 98.5% | 1.5% | 0.7% | 0.8% | |
| Wisconsin | 5,724,692 | 5,456,268 | 268,424 | 114,684 | 153,740 |
| 100.0% | 95.3% | 4.7% | 2.0% | 2.7% | |
| Wyoming | 575,251 | 555,915 | 19,336 | 7,063 | 12,273 |
| 100.0% | 96.6% | 3.4% | 1.2% | 2.1% |
Trego's Mountain Ear 